Abstract
A great expansion of the road and rail network is contemplated in the Infrastructure, Transport and Housing Plan (PITVI in Spanish), in order to achieve greater social cohesion in 2024 in Spain. For this reason, the aim of this study is to classify and to identify those municipalities that are going to improve or worsen their social cohesion. To achieve this goal, the municipalities were classified according to the degree of socioeconomic development, and their accessibility levels were determined before and after the construction of these infrastructures. Firstly, the socioeconomic classification demonstrates that there is predominance in the northern half of the peninsula in the most developed municipalities. Secondly, the accessibility levels show that the same center-peripheral models are going to be kept in the future. Finally, poorly-defined territorial patterns are obtained with respect to the positive or negative effects of new infrastructures on social cohesion. Therefore, it is possible to state that the construction plan is going to partially fulfill its aim, since a quarter of the population is going to be affected by a negative impact on socioeconomic development. As a consequence, people who live here are going to have major problems in achieving social cohesion.
Highlights
International agencies, national and local governments have begun a process of the definition and deepening of the concept of sustainable development
Social cohesion can be understood as forming the basis for people to access the necessary resources produced by society and in turn determines the degree of integration among individuals within a group and the values associated with the connections between them [4]
While the economic profitability and environmental impact of transport infrastructure were traditionally taken into account, social cohesion has become an integral part of the deployment of new infrastructures or the improvement of existing ones, especially of motorways and high-speed railways
Summary
International agencies, national and local governments have begun a process of the definition and deepening of the concept of sustainable development This term began to be developed in 1987 by the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), and it is understood as a certain compromise among environmental, economic and social goals of the community, allowing for the wellbeing of present and future generations [1]. One of the strategic aims of the PITVI contemplates the infrastructures as indispensable support to achieve better social cohesion in Spain [6]. This plan advocates the building of new motorways and high-speed rail (HSR) lines for passengers, in order to achieve it
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