Immunomodulatory Effect of Tremella Polysaccharides against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Mice.

Yalin Zhou,Guijie Li,Yu Qian,Xiaoyong Chen,Xin Zhao,Peng Sun,Ruokun Yi

doi:10.3390/molecules23020239

Yalin Zhou, Guijie Li + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23020239

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Abstract

Polysaccharides are closely associated with immune regulation, but there are different polysaccharide effects from different sources. In this study, the aim was to investigate the effect of tremella polysaccharides (TP) in cyclophosphamide-induced immunodeficient mice. We observed the thymus and spleen index, liver and spleen pathological changes, and the levels of IL-2, IL-12, INF-γ, TGF-β and Ig G in serum, and we also noted the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-12 and TGF-β in liver and spleen. Besides, we also measured the best effects of different doses of TP (Low-TP was 20 mg/kg·BW, Middle-TP was 40 mg/kg·BW, and High-TP was 80 mg/kg·BW) on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. The results were remarkable, and suggested that TP had a significant effect for enhancing immunity in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression, and the immune enhancement of High-TP had the best results in TP-treated mice. It could significantly increase the thymus and spleen index, alleviate pathological features of immunosuppression such as the arrangement of liver sinusoid and hepatic plates was disordered, massive inflammatory cells infiltrated and fatty degeneration of hepatocytes in liver, and red pulp and white pulp were intermixed, splenic corpuscles demolished and disappeared, splenic sinusoid extended, and lymphocytes of spleen were reduced in spleen. Besides, it could also up-regulate serum levels of IL-2, IL-12, INF-γ and Ig G, reduce the level of TGF-β in serum, markedly promote mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-12 in liver and spleen, and suppress mRNA expression of TGF-β. Above all, TP showed preventive effect for cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice.

Highlights

Polysaccharides are natural macromolecular compounds that exist widely in various animals, plants, microorganisms, lichens and seaweed
Compared to the Model, the thymus and spleen index of Low-tremella polysaccharides (TP) had no significant change, but it significantly increased in Middle-TP and High concentration group of TP (High-TP)
The results suggested that cyclophosphamide can sharply reduce the thymus and spleen index, and high dose TP can effectively protect the thymus and spleen index decreased significantly

Summary

Introduction

Polysaccharides are natural macromolecular compounds that exist widely in various animals, plants, microorganisms, lichens and seaweed. Polysaccharides have many different kinds of biological activities, including regulating immune function, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities [1,2,3,4,5]. Molecules 2018, 23, 239 polysaccharides is recognized as the remarkable feature and it can modulate the body’s immune functions by regulating immune organs, immune cells and immune molecules [6]. Polysaccharides from ginseng leaves could significantly promote the activation of macrophages and NK cells [5]. Polysaccharides from cyrtomium macrophyllum (CMP) had a good immune regulative effect by improving NO production, TNF-α secretion and iNOS protein of RAW264.7 cells [3]. Polysaccharides from Chinese rice wine could significantly increase IL-6, INF-γ, TNF-α, Ig A, Ig

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