Immune Control of Gut Microbiota Prevents Obesity and the Effect of Antibiotic on Microbial Population

Abstract

Gut microbiota have gained increasing recognition for their vital role in human health, particularly in their interactions with the immune system, including their involvement in obesity prevention through the production of IgA antibodies. These microbiotas are instrumental in lipid breakdown, utilizing lipases to break down phospholipids and triglycerides into polar head groups and free lipids. The loss of these beneficial microbes has been suggested as a potential cause for disruptions in various homeostatic mechanisms within our bodies. Factors contributing to this loss may encompass antibiotic usage, heightened sanitation practices, and low-fiber diets. Obesity, more prevalent in developed nations, is linked to the diminished regulatory immune responses associated with specific beneficial microbial species. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive exploration of how gut microbiota influence lipid metabolism, considering T-cell-mediated regulation, and examines the effects of antibiotics on the gut microbial population.