ICONOGRAPHIC STUDY OF MAHAVIRA IMAGES IN MADHYA PRADESH

Abstract

This paper explores the historical and iconographic evolution of Jainism in Madhya Pradesh from its inception around the 6th century BCE to the medieval period. Jainism, which emphasizes non-violence and universal compassion, developed in response to the ritualistic and hierarchical Vedic traditions. Archaeological evidence of Jainism`s early presence in Madhya Pradesh is sparse, with notable findings from the Gupta period onwards. Key discoveries include inscribed Tirthankara images from Vidisha, illustrating the spread and development of Jain art. During the Gupta era, Deogarh emerged as a significant center for Jain art, which continued to flourish under the Candellas in the 9th century, leading to the construction of iconic Jain temples at Khajuraho. The paper provides detailed iconographic analysis of various Mahavira images, highlighting their stylistic transitions from Kushan to Gupta periods and their continued evolution in medieval times. These artifacts underscore the rich artistic heritage and the socio-religious patronage that sustained Jainism in this region.