Abstract
Hypocalcemia, characterized by a total serum calcium level below 8.5 mg/dL (corrected for albumin) or an ionized serum calcium level below 4.65 mg/dL, presents a spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to life-threatening. Common after neck procedures, early detection and appropriate management are essential. Diagnostic tools include assessing calcium levels, correcting for albumin, and determining the underlying cause through tests like intact parathyroid hormone, serum phosphorus, magnesium, and creatinine. Treatment involves calcium replacement and addressing the root cause, with potential complications such as neuromuscular excitability and cardiac arrhythmias. Prognosis varies based on severity and underlying factors, emphasizing the importance of avoiding diagnostic pitfalls and overtreatment in chronic cases. ECG and genetic testing contribute to accurate diagnosis, aiding in differentiating causes like autosomal dominant hypocalcemia. Recognizing factitious hypocalcemia related to hypoalbuminemia or binding protein alterations is crucial. Understanding the pH-calcium relationship guides clinical evaluation. Holistic management requires a collaborative approach, emphasizing patient engagement and follow-up care.
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