High Serum Level of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) Correlates Positively with The Severity of Photoaging Facial Wrinkles

Abstract

Background: Matrix metalloproteinase-1 was chosen in this study because it is a subgroup of MMPs that play an essential role in the photoaging process of collagenases with degradation of collagen types 1 and 2 as a result of direct UVA and UVB exposure with significantly increased regulation of these exposures compared to other types of MMPs. The purpose of this study is to prove a positive correlation between high MMP-1 serum levels and the severity of facial wrinkles in photoaging subjects. Methods: Observational analytic study using a cross-sectional approach with comparative analysis aims to determine differences in the severity of facial wrinkles in patients experiencing Photoaging based on MMP-1 levels. Subjective clinical observation of wrinkles with Glogau score and objective use of the A-One-Facial Analyzer tool. Analyzing using SPSS 26. Results: 51 subjects were divided into two groups, 30 photoaging, and 21 non-photoaging. The results of the A-One-Facial Analyzer Photoaging group were 5.30 (4.70-6.50) and without Photoaging were 4.80 (4-5). MMP-1 serum levels in the Photoaging group median of 17.69 (9.78-84.07) pg./ml and non-photoaging group 11.56 (8.07-19.62) pg/ml (p <0.001). Spearman Rho test between MMP-1 levels and wrinkles on the face obtained a moderate positive relationship with a correlation coefficient value (r) of 0, 5 and p-value <0.001. The result of the coefficient β was 41,5%, R-square 48%, and it was statistically significant with p = 0.002. Conclusion: High serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase -1 (MMP-1) have a positive correlation with the severity of facial skin wrinkles that experience Photoaging.