Abstract
This chapter focuses on the membrane transport proteins that are the members of the H+/carboxylate symporter family. Members of the family mediate uptake of carboxylated compounds and occur in both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. They are predicted to form 12 membrane-spanning helices by the hydropathy of their amino acid sequences and activities of reporter gene fusions. Statistical analysis of multiple amino acid sequence comparisons places the H+/carboxylate symporter family in the uniporter–symporter–antiporter (USA) superfamily, also known as the major facilitator superfamily (MFS). The chapter discusses the nomenclature, biological sources, substrates, phylogenetic trees, topology plot, physical and genetic characteristics, conserved motifs, multiple amino acid sequence alignments, and database accession numbers for members of the H+/carboxylate symporter family. Several amino acid sequence motifs are highly conserved in the H+/carboxylate symporter family, including motifs unique to the family and signature motifs of the USA/MFS transporter superfamily.
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