Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) have many fundamental advantages over internal combustion engine vehicles. The EV idea is not new. As early as 1891, William Morrison of Des Moines, Iowa, already built the first successful EV in the United States. However, internal combustion engines almost completely replaced electric powertrains in the production of vehicles for the past 100 years. Thanks to the recent evolution of lithium-ion batteries and strong demand for zero-emission vehicles, EVs have successfully repositioned, demonstrating commercial success. Nevertheless, EVs still have challenges in terms of the battery weight, fully charged driving range, costs, etc.
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