Abstract
A flux technique involving a large temperature gradient is reported for the growth of superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy, Bi2Sr2CuOy and doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy single crystals. We conclude that the cooling rate must be related to the crystal growth rate to obtain good quality crystals. We present a model describing the geometrical configuration and Burgers vectors of dislocation networks observed in Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy single crystals. An orthorhombic-to-monoclinic phase transformation with associated (100) twinning has been observed by transmission electron microscopy in Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy single crystals after heating in vacuum to between 350 and 400°C. We propose that this transformation involves oxygen diffusion through the CuO2 planes and subsequent oxygen vacancy ordering.
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