FORMATION OF UKRAINIAN MARITIME TERMINOLOGY

Abstract

The article is devoted to the topical problem of formation of Ukrainian maritime terminology. From the monuments of writing, from dictionaries published in different periods of historical development of society, as well as scientific works of historians and linguists who studied certain issues of Ukrainian maritime terminology, we selected Ukrainian maritime terms and demonstrated a specific style of representation of these terms in the above sources. The article highlights the significant contribution of prominent linguists O.T. Gorbach, V.B. Yurkivsky, J.O. Dzendzelivsky, E.M. Motuzenka, А.А. Berlizova in the study of Ukrainian maritime terminology. The peculiarities of the formation of Ukrainian maritime terminology, which depended on the history of the formation of terminological activity in Ukraine, are highlighted, and five periods of formation of maritime terminology are singled out, which have their own peculiarities. Analyzing the periods of formation of Ukrainian maritime terminology, attention is focused on the use of terms of the period of Kievan Rus; examples from the maritime terminology that prevailed on the Black Sea in the XII-XIII centuries are given, and also the maritime terms of the Cossack era are defined. Ukrainian maritime terminology includes both specific and borrowed terms, so information is provided on borrowing terms in different periods of formation of Ukrainian maritime terminology. Analyzing the periods of formation of Ukrainian maritime terminology, we emphasize the importance of dictionaries by Mykhailo Levchenko, M. Umanets and A. Spilka, E. Tymchenko, B. Hrinchenko, S. Ivanytsky and F. Shumlyansky, B. Stepanenko, P. and P. Terpyl, V. Dubrovsky, V. Yurkivsky, J. Mykolayenko, O. Izyumov, in which the most common maritime terms were recorded. Attention is paid to socio-political conditions: the times of cessation of terminological activity, its resumption with a tendency to copy from the Russian language, as well as the period associated with Ukraine’s independence, when the problem of national terminology is gaining state importance. The article summarizes that the language of science is a historical concept. The language of science transmits achievements in science, technology, education, culture, respectively, and changes with them. Therefore in each historical period it is possible to allocate characteristic tendencies of formation and features of formation of terminology. And although Ukrainian maritime terminology has become the subject of study of many scientists, but the problems of its formation, functioning, development continue to be relevant and need further study.