Features of creating comfortable housing in the reconstruction of typical residential buildings

Abstract

The article analyzes typical residential buildings in Ukraine and European countries. The article highlights the main shortcomings in the architectural and planning solutions of residential buildings of the industrial period. It is proved that the houses built in 1955-1990 are morally obsolete. To provide recommendations for the renovation of the existing standard housing stock of Ukraine, the author analyzed the reconstruction of European countries: Czech Republic, France, and Germany, and found that the main purpose of the reconstruction was to improve the volumetric-spatial, architectural and planning solutions and focus on energy saving. The main methods chosen for the reconstruction were the extension and addition of additional volumes. To achieve energy efficiency, the facades were insulated, but over time it was discovered that this technique was not enough and new ways were needed to obtain an energy-independent residential building system. Each residential building, when reconstructed, should be considered as an independent system in terms of functional planning, energy efficiency, but should be an integral compositional element in the volumetric and spatial solutions in the system of the street, neighborhood and city. The main indicator of the quality of a residential building is the comfort of housing for different segments of the population, which is manifested in: cost-effectiveness - reduction of utility costs, convenience and accessibility in architectural and planning solutions, three-dimensional expressiveness in the architectural system of the city.