Abstract
This paper presents the design, development, and validation of the eyelid drive system (EDS), an assistive technology comprising a specialized pair of glasses and millimeter-sized passive resonators, attached to the user's eyelids, that transduce eyelid movement (blinking and winking) through inductive sensing. The theory of operation and design optimization with simulations are presented. A proof-of-concept prototype EDS was constructed using a pair of nonprescription glasses and commercial-off-the-shelf components. In benchtop tests with model eyelids, the EDS demonstrated basic functionality. Initial trials were performed involving six human subjects interacting with custom designed graphical user interfaces on a computer. A group mean accuracy of 96.3% was achieved using a set of four different commands at a response rate of 3 s. A mean information transfer rate (ITR) of 56.1 b/min over all subjects was achieved with a set of six different commands at a response rate of 1.5 s. This proof-of-concept device consumes 51.6mW of power. The EDS compares favorably with related eye-interfacing assistive technologies and provides a unique combination of advantages, including high accuracy and ITR, wearability, insensitivity to lighting and noise conditions, obviation of facial electrodes, and the use of nonexaggerated gestures.
Published Version
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call