EEG-based hybrid QWERTY mental speller with high information transfer rate.

Abstract

Brain-computer interface (BCI) spellers detect variations in brain waves to help subjects communicate with the world. This study introduces a P300-SSVEP hybrid BCI-based QWERTY speller. The proposed hybrid speller, combines SSVEP and P300 features using a hybrid paradigm. P300 was used as time division multiplexing index which results in the use of lesser number of assumed frequencies for SSVEP elicitation. Each flickering frequency was also assigned a unique colour, to enhance system accuracy. On the basis of 20 subjects, an average accuracy of classification of 96.42% and a mean information transfer rate (ITR) of 131.0 bits per min. (BPM) was achieved during the free spelling trial (trial-F). The t test results revealed that the hybrid QWERTY speller performed significantly better (on the basis of mean classification accuracy and ITR) as compared to the traditional P300 speller) and the QWERTY SSVEP speller. Also, the amount of time taken to spell a word was significantly lesser in the case of hybrid QWERTY speller in contrast to traditional P300 speller while it was almost the same as compared to QWERTY SSVEP speller. QWERTY speller outperformed the stereotypical P300 speller as well as QWERTY SSVEP speller.