Abstract
Extractive waste is produced at all stages of mining activities – during preparatory and operational works as well as in processes of mechanical processing of coal. In a significant part it comprises a fullvalue commercial product or a material for the land reclamation. Because of considerable amounts of waste generated by the coal extractive and processing industry, legal, technical, ecological and social aspects related to the possibilities of management of stored materials have been analyzed in the article.
Highlights
Hard coal mining is one of the biggest waste-generating industry branches in Poland
The tailing waste is generated on the ground and connected with the processes of hard coal enrichment – during sorting, rinsing and flotation of coal [7]. It comprises about 94% percent of total mass of hard coal mining waste [6]
The coarse-grained and extractive waste from the processes of coal enrichment have been applied as the aggregate in road construction and engineering works
Summary
Hard coal mining is one of the biggest waste-generating industry branches in Poland. Waste is produced first of all during the coal extraction and its processing and it largely depends on the quality and condition of coal deposits, methods of breaking of coal beds and the technology of enrichment of mining product. The processes of extraction of hard coal have been and are still accompanied by the generation of significant amounts of waste. Due to limited possibilities of utilization, the larger part of waste was stored on the ground in a form of bings, dumps, dumping grounds and in mining waste landfills. Towards the end of the 90’s of the last century 80 percent of waste produced by the hard coal mining was economically utilized. Around 5 percent of wastes generated by mining is stored
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