Abstract
Providing quality fuel to ships with reduced SOx content is a priority task. Marine residual fuels are one of the main sources of atmospheric pollution during the operation of ships and sea tankers. Hence, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has established strict regulations for the sulfur content of marine fuels. One of the possible technological solutions allowing for adherence to the sulfur content limits is use of mixed fuels. However, it carries with it risks of ingredient incompatibilities. This article explores a new approach to the study of active sedimentation of residual and mixed fuels. An assessment of the sedimentation process during mixing, storage, and transportation of marine fuels is made based on estimation three-dimensional diagrams developed by the authors. In an effort to find the optimal solution, studies have been carried out to determine the influence of marine residual fuel compositions on sediment formation via machine learning algorithms. Thus, a model which can be used to predict incompatibilities in fuel compositions as well as sedimentation processes is proposed. The model can be used to determine the sediment content of mixed marine residual fuels with the desired sulfur concentration.
Highlights
Greenhouse gas emissions from ships, especially sulfur oxides (SOx), have serious impacts on human health, the marine environment, and natural resources
We found that an increase in the proportion of aromatic hydrocarbons reduces sedimentation
Several methods of machine learning have been considered for developing a practical robust tool, which can be used to determine sediment formation based on the results of experimental studies of the influence of n-paraffins and asphaltenes on the compatibility of marine residual fuels
Summary
Greenhouse gas emissions from ships, especially sulfur oxides (SOx), have serious impacts on human health, the marine environment, and natural resources. Dozens of countries, including China and the EU, have already announced their readiness to achieve carbon neutrality on their territory by 2050–2060, i.e., to reduce to zero the difference between greenhouse gas emissions and their absorption by taking into account the capabilities of the region’s ecosystem. Transboundary carbon regulation for the EU and the US is becoming a way to preserve EU and US marine fuel markets and a part of protectionist policies. The Russian economy expects a difficult trade-off between the recognition of global principles of environmental, social, and governance responsibility and the realities of a carbon-intensive economy. The most exposed to climate impacts will be oil and various types of fuel. While maintaining the status quo, BP believes [11] that the peak of world oil consumption was already reached in 2019, OPEC expects it by
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