Abstract
The article shows studies of the problem of active sediment formation during mixing of residual fuels, caused by the manifestation of incompatibility. To preserve the quality and reduce sediment formation during transshipment, storage, and transportation of marine residual fuels, a laboratory method for determining the compatibility and stability of fuels has been developed, which makes it possible to determine the quantitative characteristics of the sediment formation activity. According to the method developed, laboratory studies have been carried out to determine incompatible fuel components and the influence of composition on the sedimentation process. Tests were carried out to determine the quality indicators and the individual group composition of the fuel samples. Based on the results of the studies, the dependences of the influence of normal structure paraffins in the range from 55 to 70 wt. % and asphaltenes in the range from 0.5 to 3.5 wt. % in the fuel composition on the sedimentation activity due to incompatibility were obtained. To obtain a convenient tool that is applicable in practice, a nomogram has been developed on the basis of the dependences obtained experimentally. It was also determined that, after reaching the maximum values of sediment formation with a further increase in the content of n-paraffins, saturation is observed, and the value of the sediment content remains at the same level. Maximum total sediment values have been found to depend on asphaltene content and do not significantly exceed them within 10%. The results of the research presented in this article allow laboratory and calculation to determine the possibility of incompatibility and to preserve the quality of marine residual fuels.
Highlights
Today, when providing civil ships and vessels with fuel, there are certain difficulties associated with the quality characteristics of marine residual fuels, namely in connection with the tightening of requirements for the sulfur content due to the introduction by the International Maritime Organization of a new convention in MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI [1]
Mining University were used to determine the main indicators of the quality of marine Mining University were used to determine the main indicators of the quality of marine fuels, namely density, kinematic viscosity, PMCC flashpoint, sulfur and water content, fuels, namely density, kinematic viscosity, PMCC flashpoint, sulfur and water content, pourpoint, total sediments accelerated (TSA), and total sediments potential (TSP) values
It is important to note that, today, oil refineries in the EU and Russia are not able to fully provide the consumer with a new type of marine fuel, since this requires a significant revision of the approach to oil refining and spending significant capital investments
Summary
Today, when providing civil ships and vessels with fuel, there are certain difficulties associated with the quality characteristics of marine residual fuels, namely in connection with the tightening of requirements for the sulfur content due to the introduction by the International Maritime Organization of a new convention in MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI [1]. Eng. 2021, 9, 1067 the demand for a new type of marine fuels, bunkering companies are actively carrying out operations to mix fuels to obtain the required quality indicators [5,6]. Itofisincompatibility worth noting precise, reliable, and practi of existing research and patent documents showed that extensiveoflaboratory callyAnalysis applicable methods for predicting the potential incompatibility mixtures that al studies were carried out to study the process of sedimentation. It is worth noting that precise, reliable, and pendency between the mutual influence of hydrocarbon composition on sediment for practically applicable methods for predicting the potential incompatibility of mixtures mation, manythe researchers themselves to yet only general recommendations fo that allowand assessing activity of limited sedimentation have not been developed.
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