Abstract
The article considers the problems of preservation and the most economical use of existing energy sources with minimal emissions into the environment, which are urgent in modern conditions. Tightening measures to exclude or minimize the negative impact on the nature is an objective vital necessity for the survival of humanity on the planet. The search for the most environmentally friendly fuel is an important task for researchers in various fields of modern science. The measures of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) on tightening the environmental requirements at sea and the advantages of the conversion of transportation means, including ships, from black oil to liquefied natural gas are outlined. It has been stated that since 01.01.2020 IMO has put forward the requirements for the sulfur concentration in the initial fuel up to 0.5%. The sulfur content in marine fuels is illustrated, according to the current standards. Possible advantages for the Russian Federation are considered in the event that appropriate legislative acts are adopted in the field of shipbuilding and the operation of ships. The advantages of liquefied natural gas compared to other fuels are listed. The forecast values of the demand for liquefied natural gas for bunkering ships for 2020–2040 are illustrated. Research has been carried out and a formula has been derived to determine the conditions for the transition of ships to liquefied natural gas. Existing and possible in the near future projects for the generation of liquefied natural gas in the Arctic zone of Russia are considered. It is concluded that the Russian Federation has vast deposits of natural gas and scientific and technical potential for the development and revival of shipbuilding both within the country and abroad.
Highlights
It has been stated that since 01.01.2020 International Maritime Organization (IMO) has put forward the requirements for the sulfur concentration in the initial fuel up to 0.5%
Possible advantages for the Russian Federation are considered in the event that appropriate legislative acts are adopted in the field of shipbuilding and the operation of ships
The advantages of liquefied natural gas compared to other fuels are listed
Summary
Рассматриваются актуальные в современных условиях проблемы сохранения и наиболее экономного расходования существующих источников энергии с минимальными выбросами в окружающую среду. Широкое распространение газомоторного топлива позволит решить не только проблемы дымовых токсичных газов, выбрасываемых с промышленных предприятий и транспорта и негативно воздействующих на окружающую среду, появляются возможности использовать нефть (смесь самых разных углеводородов) не в качестве топлива, а как сырье химической промышленности для производства самых разнообразных изделий, веществ с заданными свойствами. К. молярная доля метана, согласно ГОСТ Р 56021-2014, должна быть не менее 99 %; − отсутствие масштабных проблем при авариях судна на море, следствием которых всегда является антропогенное воздействие на окружающую среду из-за разлива топлива (печного топлива, дизельного топлива, мазута) [1]; − себестоимость СПГ как минимум в два раза меньше, чем дизельного топлива, используемого преимущественно как основное топливо на дизельных генераторах; − сжиженный природный газ не токсичен и не агрессивен, является криогенной жидкостью без цвета и запаха и при атмосферном давлении кипит при –161 °С, а по степени воздействия на организм человека пары СПГ относятся к веществам 4-го класса опасности, т. Существующие и возможные проекты в ближайшем будущем по генерации СПГ в Арктической зоне РФ
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