Abstract
The aim of this paper is to provide performance assessment of Alternative Navigation Positioning and Timing (APNT) systems considered possible GNSS backup in European region. The performance of the APNT systems is assessed based on their performance characteristics such as accuracy, integrity, and by additional beneficial abilities, that could help by implementation or could provide different added value in terms of solving certain issues in the Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) domain.
Highlights
The dependence on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is increasing across different sectors including aviation
The highest score was achieved by enhanced LOng-RAnge Navigation (eLORAN) and Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)
The paper presents a comparison of four APNT candidates based on evaluation of their accuracy, integrity, and additional system features which may be beneficial by decision about their implementation
Summary
The dependence on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is increasing across different sectors including aviation. The power of the GNSS signal received on ground is comparable to “power emitted by a 60W light-bulb located more than 20,000 km away from the surface of the earth“, according to the Airbus [1]. It may be affected by nonanthropogenic sources of interference such as atmospheric effects or a Signal-in-Space (SIS) error, as well as by anthropogenic interference caused by humans [1].
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