Abstract
This chapter analyzes environmental impact assessment (EIA) based on the example of federal highway planning. EIA of actions taken by public authorities in the Federal Republic of Germany was introduced in August 1975 on the basis of a Federal Government decision. EIA studies are required for federal highway construction, regional and state (Land) planning, specialized planning by Federal and State Governments, development planning and planning of airports, waste disposal areas, etc. In substance, the EIA requirements correspond to the prescriptions in the revised versions of paragraphs 41 and 50 of the Federal Emission Protection Act, according to which the construction or alteration of highways, railways, etc., must not lead to harmful environmental effects such as traffic noise, if available technology permits avoidance. In addition, for plans of regional significance, individual areas have to he evaluated in terms of their respective utilization to prevent harmful effects on residential areas and other areas needing protection.
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