Abstract
Antifungal activity of the ethanolic crude extracts from ten plants, namely: Curcuma xanthorhiza, Curcuma aromatica, Kaempferia parviflora, Syzygium aromaticum, Origanum vulgare, Synedrella nodiflora, Sorghum bicolor, Rosmarinus officinalis, Piper longum and Eupatorium odoratum were tested against Alternaria species (the pathogen of dirty panicle disease in rice) by poisoned food technique at 0, 1,000, 2,500, 5,000, 7,500 and 10,000 ppm. The inhibition of mycelial growth and spore germination were evaluated. The results showed C. aromatica, S. aromaticum and O. vulgare crude extracts at 1,000 ppm, the R. officinalis crude extracts at 5,000 ppm, and the C. xanthorrhiza crude extracts at 10,000 ppm showed the highest inhibition of mycelial growth at 100%, whereas S. nodiflora and S. bicolor crude extracts at 10,000 ppm had the inhibition at 56 and 58%, respectively. For inhibition of spore germination, the three plant crude extracts; C. aromatica, S. aromaticum and O. vulgare at 1,000 ppm and C. xanthorrhiza, S. nodiflora, S. bicolor, R. officinalis and P. longum crude extracts at 2,500 ppm reached the highest inhibition of spore germination at 100%, whereas E. odoratum and K. parviflora crude extracts at 10,000 ppm had the inhibition at 20 and 55%, respectively. Key words: Antifungal activity, dirty panicle disease, Alternaria species, medicinal crude extract, rice.
Highlights
Dirty panicle disease is one of the most serious diseases of rice, affecting rice production in the world and rice production grown in Thailand and tropical locations (Ou, 1985)
C. aromatica, S. aromaticum and O. vulgare crude extracts showed that 100% inhibition on spore germination (Table 2) at all concentrations can use crude extracts of these species for Alternaria spp. control at all concentration (1,000 to 10,000 ppm)
The C. aromatica crude extracts showed 100% inhibition on mycelial growth and spore germination at all concentrations (1,000-10,000 ppm); this result agrees with C. aromatica for S. aureus and E. coli control (Saleem et al, 2011)
Summary
Dirty panicle disease is one of the most serious diseases of rice, affecting rice production in the world and rice production grown in Thailand and tropical locations (Ou, 1985). The causal organisms are several pathogens, Fusarium species, Alternaria species, Cercospora species and Curvularia species (Abdelmonem, 2000). The panicle dirty control had several methods, mechanical, cultural, biological and chemical method. Chemical control is the best method for dirty panicle disease, whereas this method is harmful for environmental condition, consumer and user. The farmers use the biological control for dirty panicle control.
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