Abstract
The anthracnose disease is one of the major economic diseases in chilli production of Thailand. The present study was aims to test and evaluate the fungicidal activity of the ethanolic crude extracts from thirty-four medicinal plants were tested against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (the pathogen of anthracnose disease in chilli of Thailand) by poisoned food technique at 0, 2,000, 4,000, 6,000, 8,000 and 10,000 ppm. The inhibition of mycelial growth was evaluated. From the testing, All the used of thirty-four crude extracts showed significant antifungal activity against C. gloeosporioides. The result showed that the Curcuma aromatica, Zingiber zerumbet, Piper betle, Kaempferia galanga, Rosmarinus officinalis and Origanum vulgare crude extracts showed 100% inhibition of mycelial growth at all concentrations, whereas, the Wedelia trilobata and Polygonum odoratum crude extracts at 10,000 ppm gave the lowest inhibition of 70 and 82%, respectively. The study noted that the crude extracts namely C. aromatica, Z. zerumbet, P. betle, K. galanga, R. officinalis and O. vulgare showed the completely control of mycelial growth against C. gloeosporioides (the pathogen of anthracnose disease in chilli). These research pointed the oppurtunities for screening and application of some ethanolic crude extracts for a eco-friendly environmental management and exploited method as the biological control in chilli production.
Highlights
Anthracnose disease is one of the major economic disease in chilli production of Thailand and worldwide. Than et al (2008) reported that the anthracnose disease caused by three pathogens namely C. gloeosporiodes, C. acutatum and C. capsici
3.2 Collection and preparation of plants samples Thirty-four medicinal herb crude extracts namely, Kaempferia parviflora, Curcuma aromatica, Cymbopogon nardus, Etlingera littorlis, Anethum graveolens, Sorghum bicolor, Tinospora crispa, Eucatyptus camaldulensis, Carthamus tinctorius, Curcuma lomga, Zingiber zerumbet, Chrysanthemum indicum, Wedelia trilobata, Piper betle, Polygonum odoratum, Laurus nobilis, Coscimum fenesstratum, Astragalus momglolicus, Piper sarmentosum, Moringa oleifera, Kaempferia galanga, Codonopsis pilosula, Cinnamomum verum, Capsicum annuum, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Paeonia lactifolia, Rosmarinus officinalis, Erythriana variegate, Cymbopogon citratus, Alpinia galangal, Boesenbergia pandurata, Origanum vulgare, Caesalpinia Sappan and Curcuma manga was extracted by 90% ethanol and tested for fungicidal activity on mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides
For the C. aromatica crude extracts showed 100% inhibition on mycelial growth at all concentration (Table 1) can be used crude extracts of these species for C. gloeosporioides management (1,000-10,000 ppm). These results are in agreement with that the researches of Sawatdikarn (2016) noted that the C. aromatica crude extracts showed 100% inhibition on mycelial growth at 5,000-10,000 ppm for F. semitectum control and related to the data of C. aromatica crude extracts showed 100% inhibition on mycelial growth at 5,000-10,000 ppm for C. lunata control (Sawatdikarn, 2016) and the C. aromatica crude extracts showed 100% inhibition on mycelial growth at 1,000-10,000 ppm for C. capsici control (Sawatdikarn, 2016)
Summary
Anthracnose disease is one of the major economic disease in chilli production of Thailand and worldwide. Than et al (2008) reported that the anthracnose disease caused by three pathogens namely C. gloeosporiodes, C. acutatum and C. capsici. Than et al (2008) reported that the anthracnose disease caused by three pathogens namely C. gloeosporiodes, C. acutatum and C. capsici. The anthracnose disease control in chilli production in Thailand had five methods namely mechanical control, cultural control, biological control, chemical control and integrated control. For the chemical control is the best method for anthracnose disease managements, whereas this method as harmful for environmental condition, product residues and human health (Sawatdikarn, 2016). The management of anthracnose disease with the application of several fungicides. Filoda (2008) reported the effects of three fungicides (Sarfun 500 SC, Amistar 250SC and Gwarant 500 SC) at 0.01 0.20 and 0.40% ihhibited on the colony growth of C. gloeosporiodes and Nagaraju et al (2020) reported that carbendazim (25 50 75 and 100 μl) inhibited on the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporiodes (the pathogen of anthracnose in mango) The management of anthracnose disease with the application of several fungicides. Filoda (2008) reported the effects of three fungicides (Sarfun 500 SC, Amistar 250SC and Gwarant 500 SC) at 0.01 0.20 and 0.40% ihhibited on the colony growth of C. gloeosporiodes and Nagaraju et al (2020) reported that carbendazim (25 50 75 and 100 μl) inhibited on the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporiodes (the pathogen of anthracnose in mango)
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