Abstract
Electron-beam irradiation of α-Mn triggers dramatic microstructural transformations. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals localized thinning and MnO formation within the irradiated area. Reduced thermal conductivity due to thinning suggests significant local temperature rise by electron-beam irradiation. Finite element analysis (FEA) identifies Auger excitation as the dominant heating mechanism, surging temperatures to ∼2300 K with ultrafast cooling. Our findings indicate that the oxidation of Mn under electron-beam irradiation is primarily attributed to beam heating via Auger excitation, rather than defect formation through sputtering. This conclusion is supported by the fact that the maximum energy transferable from the incident electron beam in TEM is below the minimum displacement energy for Mn.
Published Version
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