Abstract
Provisional prosthetic restoration materials are exposed to oral cavity producing on the surface biofilm where different factors such as surface roughness and porosity can condition their formation and organization and can create stagnation areas that promote the bonding of organic particles, thus facilitating the formation and maturation of the biofilm. The purpose of this study was to compare surface roughness of two provisional prosthetic restorations materials and their bacterial susceptibility. In this study, two provisional restoration materials were used in two groups, A polymethyl methacrylate acrylic (NicTone MDC DENTAL) and B bis-acryl resin (Protemp 4 ESPE 3M). A total of 80 samples (40 samples of each material) were in thick plates of 10 × 10 mm and 2 mm high. 20 samples of each material were polished, while 20 were left unpolished. Subsequently, the samples were observed by Atomic Force Microscopy for their evaluation of surface roughness. The values were analyzed with t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis test. The samples were microbiologically inoculated with the strains obtained and identified from a provisional polymethyl methacrylate acrylic restoration in a patient, in order to observe bacterial adhesion using a Scanning Electron Microscope. Two strains, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomona luteola, were identified. The presence of the microorganisms was observed on the surface of both materials, either polished or unpolished, with a lower level of microorganism adhesion found on the bis-acrylic resin. There was a significant difference about surface roughness in the groups A and B with p < 0.05; meanwhile there was also a significant difference between polished polymethyl methacrylate and polished bis-acrylic resin (p = 6.7 × 10-8). We found that the polished bis-acrylic resin showed lower surface roughness and bacterial adhesion in comparison with the polymethyl methacrylate.
Highlights
Treatment with fixed prosthesis requires the prepared teeth to be protected and stabilized with a provisional restoration that resembles the form and function of the definitive treatment planned [1].Multiple areas of particular concern with the use of provisional restorations have been identified, including aesthetic, comfort, phonetic and functional issues, as well as ones related to maxilomandibular areas and periodontal health [1].The materials available for the production of provisional prostheses include polymethyl methacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate and bis-acrylic resin [2], as well as polyvinyl methacrylate, urethane methacrylate and microfill resin [3]
Provisional prosthetic restoration materials are exposed to oral cavity producing on the surface biofilm where different factors such as surface roughness and porosity can condition their formation and organization and can create stagnation areas that promote the bonding of organic particles, facilitating the formation and maturation of the biofilm
The primary colonizing microorganisms of the surfaces, which are causes of oral diseases, are from the Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus group [15]. Both Buergers et al [5] and Montanaro et al [16] reported in vitro studies that quantify adhesion to various materials. These studies used these microorganisms with commercial strains, Streptococcus mutans, to inoculate provisional restoration materials such as bis-acrylic resins, polymethyl methacrylate and direct restoration materials, using techniques to determine their roughness and an Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to observe the presence of colonization on their surface
Summary
Treatment with fixed prosthesis requires the prepared teeth to be protected and stabilized with a provisional restoration that resembles the form and function of the definitive treatment planned [1].Multiple areas of particular concern with the use of provisional restorations have been identified, including aesthetic, comfort, phonetic and functional issues, as well as ones related to maxilomandibular areas and periodontal health [1].The materials available for the production of provisional prostheses include polymethyl methacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate and bis-acrylic resin [2], as well as polyvinyl methacrylate, urethane methacrylate and microfill resin [3]. Treatment with fixed prosthesis requires the prepared teeth to be protected and stabilized with a provisional restoration that resembles the form and function of the definitive treatment planned [1]. Multiple areas of particular concern with the use of provisional restorations have been identified, including aesthetic, comfort, phonetic and functional issues, as well as ones related to maxilomandibular areas and periodontal health [1]. The principal requirements for provisional materials are as follows: an adequate marginal adaptation; fracture resistance; low thermal conductivity; a non-irritant reaction with dental pulp and gingival tissue; and, ease of cleaning [2]. The fixings of certain microorganisms to specific surfaces in the oral cavity and the formation of dental plaque on either the tooth or dental materials are the primary causes of oral diseases such as denture stomatitis, gingival inflammation, and secondary cavities [5] [6], all of which can lead to serious health complications [5]
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