Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the production of cytokines, interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients and to correlate it with inadequate and adequate metabolic control. We studied 11 type 1 and 13 type 2 diabetic patients and 21 healthy individuals divided into two groups (N = 11 and 10) paired by sex and age with type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. The PBMC cultures were stimulated with concanavalin-A to measure INF-gamma and IL-10 supernatant concentration by ELISA. For patients with inadequate metabolic control, the cultures were performed on the first day of hospitalization and again after intensive treatment to achieve adequate control. INF-gamma levels in the supernatants of type 1 diabetic patient cultures were higher compared to type 2 diabetic patients with adequate metabolic control (P < 0.001). Additionally, INF-gamma and IL-10 tended to increase the liberation of PBMC from type 1 and 2 diabetic patients with adequate metabolic control (P = 0.009 and 0.09, respectively). The increased levels of INF-gamma and IL-10 released from PBMC of type 1 and 2 diabetic patients with adequate metabolic control suggest that diabetic control improves the capacity of activation and maintenance of the immune response, reducing the susceptibility to infections.
Highlights
Cytokines are produced in response to infection with microorganisms or other antigens and are known to be important immune modulators in host defense against aggressors [1]
In the present investigation we studied the production of the cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IL-10 in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients in order to correlate it with inadequate and adequate metabolic control
Www.bjournal.com.br diabetic patients with inadequate and adequate metabolic control compared with their respective paired control groups. This cytokine showed a nonsignificant increase in the supernatants of type 2 diabetic patient cultures with adequate metabolic control compared to the respective normal control group (P = 0.09; Figure 3)
Summary
Cytokines are produced in response to infection with microorganisms or other antigens and are known to be important immune modulators in host defense against aggressors [1]. They regulate cell functions in other systems, being implicated in the development of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus, which involve neurological and vascular processes [2,3]. Besides vascular and neurological complications, a high susceptibility to infection has been described in diabetic patients [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14], which may be caused by several defects of the immunological defense system
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