Abstract
ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to characterize the composition of the gut microbiota in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients with adequate and inadequate metabolic control, and its relationship with fiber consumption.ResultsA total of 26 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were enrolled, of which 7 (26.9%) cases had adequate metabolic control (HbA1c < 7%) and 19 (73.1%) inadequate metabolic control (HbA1c ≥ 7%). It was observed that among patients with controlled T2DM, 2 (28.6%) cases presented good intake of fiber and 5 (71.4%) cases a regular intake. In contrast, in patients with uncontrolled T2DM, 13 (68.4%) patients reported a regular intake and 6 (31.6%) a poor intake. In relation to the identification of the gut microbiota, both groups presented a similar characterization. There were differences in the population of bacteria identified in both groups, however, the results were not statistically significant. The most frequently identified bacteria in controlled and uncontrolled T2DM patients were Prevotella (71.4% vs 52.6%), followed by Firmicutes (71.4% vs 42.1%), Proteobacteria (71.4% vs 36.8%) and Bacteroidetes (57.1% vs 37.8%). On the other hand, Fusobacterium, Actinobacteria were not identified in either of the two groups of study.
Highlights
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by progressive insulin resistance followed by deficit in insulin secretion
The average body mass index (BMI) in uncontrolled diabetic patients was 28.8 kg/m2 considered by the World Health Organization as overweight, in addition these patients were the ones who presented a greater number of comorbidities
Prevotella, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the predominant genus observed in both groups of patients, with greater frequency of detection in the metabolic controlled group
Summary
A total of 26 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled, with ages between 52 to 88 years. HbA1c was higher in the uncontrolled group (9.5%) compared to the controlled group (6.3%), being statistically significant (p < 0.01). Patients with adequate control presented a higher frequency of hypertension (p = 0.04). In the group of patients with metabolic control, 4 (57.1%) were taking metformin; 1 (14.3%), metformin and insulin and 2 (28.6%) cases reported no medication for glycemic control. It was observed that among patients with controlled T2DM, 2 (28.6%) cases presented good intake of fiber and 5 (71.4%) cases a regular intake. There were differences in the population of bacteria identified in both groups, the results were not statistically significant. Fusobacterium, Actinobacteria were not identified in either of the two study groups (Additional file 2: Table S2)
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