Abstract
It is yet unknown the relationship between diabetes and determinants or triggering factors of skin lesions in diabetic patients. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the presence of unreported skin lesions in diabetic patients and their relationship with metabolic control of diabetes. A total of 403 diabetic patients, 31% type 1 and 69% type 2, underwent dermatological examination in an outpatient clinic of a university hospital. The endocrine-metabolic evaluation was carried out by an endocrinologist followed by the dermatological evaluation by a dermatologist. The metabolic control of 136 patients was evaluated using glycated hemoglobin. High number of dermophytosis (82.6%) followed by different types of skin lesions such as acne and actinic degeneration (66.7%), pyoderma (5%), cutaneous tumors (3%) and necrobiosis lipoidic (1%) were found. Among the most common skin lesions in diabetic patients, confirmed by histopathology, there were seen necrobiosis lipoidic (2 cases, 0.4%), diabetic dermopathy (5 cases, 1.2%) and foot ulcerations (3 cases, 0.7%). Glycated hemoglobin was 7.2% in both type 1 and 2 patients with adequate metabolic control and 11.9% and 12.7% in type 1 and 2 diabetic patients, respectively, with inadequate metabolic controls. A higher prevalence of dermatophytoses was seen in the both groups with inadequate metabolic control. The results showed a high prevalence of skin lesions in diabetic patients, especially dermatophytoses. Thus, poor metabolic control of diabetes increases patient's susceptibility to skin infections.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a clinical syndrome of chronic and degenerative course caused by a disorder in insulin secretion and/or action which results in metabolic changes, especially high blood glucose.[12]
Type 1 DM is usually an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of autoantibody against ß-cells of Langerhans islets, which in turn leads to reduced insulin production
Conditions more commonly seen in DM patients, such as diabetic dermopathy and necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, were rare
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a clinical syndrome of chronic and degenerative course caused by a disorder in insulin secretion and/or action which results in metabolic changes, especially high blood glucose.[12] Based on its etiopatogenic and pathophysiological mechanisms, this condition is classified into type 1 DM and type 2 DM. Type 1 DM is usually an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of autoantibody against ß-cells of Langerhans islets, which in turn leads to reduced insulin production. DM develops in genetically susceptible individuals and could be associated to several environment factors.[8] type 2 DM has a different pathogenic mechanism and chronic high blood glucose predominantly results from resistant target cells (muscle, fat and liver cells).
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