Abstract
In this study, a four-stroke, naturally aspirated, single-cylinder, spark ignition engine was operated with neat gasoline fuel. In-cylinder pressure, performance, and emission values were obtained at full load and 2400-r/min constant engine speed. Using these values, a single-dimensional theoretical model was calibrated. A Kistler spark plug–type pressure sensor was used to obtain in-cylinder pressure. After validation of this single-dimensional theoretical model obtained by the help of a commercial engine analysis software (AVL-Boost), different levels of ethanol addition (2.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) into gasoline were analyzed and compared with neat gasoline fueled conditions. According to obtained results, NO x emissions increased with incremental amount of ethanol. The CO and total hydrocarbons emissions decreased; however, they can be controlled using after-treatment systems such as three-way catalyst.
Highlights
At the present time, considerable amount of the energy requirement, especially in transportation, is provided from fossil fuels
Sources being limited and emissions which are harmful to human health that are generated by fossil fuels caused researchers to focus on alternative energy sources including ethanol
After validation of the model realized, combustion characteristics, performance, and emission results of the present study, which was conducted at Yıldız Technical University, Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, are discussed in the below part
Summary
Considerable amount of the energy requirement, especially in transportation, is provided from fossil fuels. Sources being limited and emissions which are harmful to human health that are generated by fossil fuels caused researchers to focus on alternative energy sources including ethanol. Alcohol-based fuels or additives such as ethanol are preferred since they are renewable and can be mixed with conventional fuels.[1] Being one of the fuels that can be produced from natural and renewable sources,[2] ethanol is thought to have a role in reducing proportion of fossil fuel used in transportation. Having a higher flame speed in comparison to gasoline, ethanol is predicted to provide increase in thermal efficiency by improving combustion.[3] The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) allows ethanol to be used in light-duty vehicles up to 15% by volume (E15) in addition to gasoline.[4]
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