Abstract
This research investigates the effects of the addition of Fe2O3 and Al2O3 nanoparticles (30, 60 and 90 ppm) and Fe2O3–Al2O3 hybrid nanoparticles to pure diesel fuel on the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine. The results indicated that fuel blends improved the combustion (in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate), performance (power, fuel consumption and thermal and exergy efficiency) and emission characteristics of the engine. The results showed that the peak combustion pressure increased by 4% and the heat release rate was improved by 15% in comparison with pure diesel with the addition of the nanoparticles. Moreover, the rate of pressure rise increased by 18% compared to pure diesel with nanoparticle additives. Based on the results, the effects of Fe2O3 fuel blends on brake power, BTE and CO emission were more than Al2O3 fuel blends, such that it increased power and thermal efficiency by 7.40 and 14%, respectively, and reduced CO emissions by 21.2%; moreover, the blends with Al2O3 nanoparticle additives in comparison with Fe2O3 nanoparticle blends showed a better performance in reducing BSFC (9%), NOx (23.9%) and SO2 (23.4%) emissions. Overall, the Fe2O3–Al2O3 hybrid fuel blend is the best alternative if the performance and emission characteristics of the engine are both considered.
Highlights
The high demands for fossil fuels, environmental problems, and global warming have necessitated the use of alternative and renewable fuels (Amiri and Shirneshan 2020)
In this research, the engine tests were performed to evaluate the effect of using Fe2O3 and Al2O3 nanoparticle additives with fractions of 30, 60 and 90 ppm on the performance and emission (CO, NOx, and SO2) characteristics of a CI engine
The most important findings of this study are: - In general, fuel blends and higher amounts of nanoparticles in fuel mixture increased the power and torque and reduce brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) compared to neat diesel fuel at all rotational speeds owing to the shorter ID, oxygen addition to the blend, high ratio of surface/volume and better thermal conductivity which increases the combustion efficiency. - The peak combustion pressure increased by 4% and the HRR was improved by 15% with respect to neat diesel with nanoparticles addition
Summary
The high demands for fossil fuels, environmental problems, and global warming have necessitated the use of alternative and renewable fuels (Amiri and Shirneshan 2020) Today, using nanoparticle such as NO (Srinidhi 2017), ZrO2 (Venu and Madhavan 2016b) and TiO2 (Venu et al 2019) additives in diesel engine fuels is proposed for improving performance, combustion, and emission properties of the diesel engines. There was a reduction in BSFC, and no significant changes were reported in terms of brake power compared to pure diesel fuel In another experimental study (Örs et al 2018), the influence of a mixture of biodiesel, titanium dioxide, n-butanol, and diesel was investigated on the emission and performance parameters of a CI engine. ID was reduced by around 9% utilizing biodiesel+120 ppm carbon nanotubes additive compared to conventional fuel
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