Effect of H2 addition to methanol-gasoline blend on an SI engine at various lambda values and engine loads: A case of performance, combustion, and emission characteristics

Abstract

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of hydrogen and methanol addition on the engine performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a spark-ignition engine. The experiments were performed with pure gasoline, methanol-gasoline, and hydrogen-methanol-gasoline fuel blend under various engine loads (25Nm, 50Nm, 75Nm, and 100Nm, 100%), different lambda values (0.8, 1, and 1.2), and a constant engine speed (2000 rpm). The hydrogen energy substitute rate method was applied for hydrogen enrichment that was constituted by 5% of the total input fuel energy. The experimental results indicated that the average values of brake specific fuel consumption were increased by 11.98% with the methanol-gasoline test fuel, while decreased 4.07% with the hydrogen-methanol-gasoline fuel blend. The average values of brake thermal efficiency were slightly increased by 0.07% and 0.61% with the methanol-gasoline and hydrogen-methanol-gasoline fuel blends, respectively. The combustion characteristics were improved after adding the methanol and hydrogen. In this respect, the average ignition delay values decreased by 6.45% with the addition of the methanol in gasoline, while the combustion duration, maximum cylinder pressure, and maximum heat release rate values increased by 0.85%, 1.66%, and 2.32%, respectively. Furthermore, the ignition delay and combustion duration values were substantially affected by the addition of the hydrogen and observed to be at rates of 21.10% and 6.93% reduction, respectively. In addition, the maximum cylinder pressure and maximum heat release rate values were increased by 2.02% and 4.13%. The combustion characteristics improved after the addition of hydrogen and methanol, which also considerably affected the engine performance and emission characteristics. The average values of exhaust gas temperature, hydrocarbon, carbon dioxide were increased by 0.92%, 2.26%, and 0.156% with methanol and the values of carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide were decreased by 1.09% and 11.82%, respectively. However, the hydrocarbon, carbon dioxide values were decreased by 13.06%, 3.90% with the hydrogen, while the carbon monoxide, exhaust gas temperature, and nitrogen monoxide were increased by 1.84%, 1.38%, and 31.68%, respectively. Although nitrogen monoxide was considerably decreased by the methanol, a drastic increase was observed with the hydrogen. The optimum brake specific fuel consumption and nitrogen monoxide values occurred between 68.61 Nm and 74.55 Nm of the engine loads for the methanol-gasoline and hydrogen-methanol-gasoline test fuels at λ = 1 and 1.2. Overall, the engine performance, combustion, and emission characteristics were improved by the addition of hydrogen and methanol in the test fuels due to their superior fuel properties compared to gasoline.