Abstract
This study evaluated the effectiveness of applying the bioagents Bacillus subtilis (isolate BSM1), B. megaterium (isolate BMM5), Trichoderma viride (isolate TVM2) and T. harzianum (isolate THM4) for the control of rot root disease caused by Fusarium graminearum, Drechslera halodes and Rhizoctonia solani on two wheat cultivars ('Sakha 93' and 'Bani Suif 5') under greenhouse conditions. Moreover, their effect wheat growth and yield were also studied under field conditions. In vitro, all tested bioagents were significantly in the reduced redial growth of the pathogenic fungi. Trichoderma viride was active more than the other tested bioagents followed by T. harzianum, while B. subtilis was the least ones. Under greenhouse conditions, all tested bioagents were able to reduce significantly damping-off and root rot caused by the tested pathogens compared with control and increased fresh and dry weight of the survival plants when applied as soil or grain treatments however, there was variation among bioagent isolates effect on reduction of disease severity both application methods. Trichoderma viride and B. megaterium were recorded the highest effective in this respect compared with other tested bioagents. Under field conditions, analysis of variance and mean performance were estimated for four characters: grain yield 4.8 m-2, No. of spikes m-2, No. of kernels spike-1 and 1,000-kernel weight. Significant mean squares were obtained for all studied characters between the seasons (S), methods (M), (S) (M), treatments (T), (S) (T), (M) (T) and (S) (M) (T) for 'Sakha 93' cultivar and 'Bani Suif 5' cultivar except application methods and (S) (M) for number of kernels spike-1 and 1,000-kernel weight, respectively. While the treatments T. harzianum and B. megaterium were the best treatments to increase grain yield, the treatments B. subtilis and T. harzianum were best treatments to increase number of spikes and the treatments B. subtilis and B. megaterium were best treatments to increase number of kernels for soil and grain application methods, respectively.
Highlights
Wheat is one of the most important feeding crops in Egypt and many other countries in the world
Several fungi were recorded as causal pathogens of root-rot diseases such as Fusarium graminearum, F. equiseti, F. solani, Drechslera halodes and Rhizoctonia solani (Asran and Eraky, 2011; Atef, 2008; Hashem and Hamada, 2002)
The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of isolated micro-organisms from soil under New Valley governorate conditions as bio-control agents against the incidence of root-rot disease caused by Fusarium graminearum, Drechslera halodes and Rhizoctonia solani and its impact on vegetative growth, yield and yield components of two wheat cultivars under field conditions
Summary
Wheat is one of the most important feeding crops in Egypt and many other countries in the world. Several fungi were recorded as causal pathogens of root-rot diseases such as Fusarium graminearum, F. equiseti, F. solani, Drechslera halodes and Rhizoctonia solani (Asran and Eraky, 2011; Atef, 2008; Hashem and Hamada, 2002). These diseases remain prevalent because of the trends toward a higher frequency of cereals in the rotation, including, commonly, continuous cereals, and the use of less or no tillage
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