Early stage atherosclerosis regression using encapsulated methotrexate nanoparticles- mediated B-mode ultrasound- guided extracorporeal confocal dual pulse low- level focused electrohydraulic shock wave therapy

Abstract

Background and Aims: Excessive lipid accumulation by macrophages plays a crucial role in atherosclerosis. Foam cells are generated by uncontrolled uptake of modified LDL, especially oxidized LDL. We developed an experimental shock wave system and investigated its effectiveness on macrophage foam cells density reduction, wherein diagnostic B- mode ultrasound is combined with shock wave therapy system, with a goal of increased safety.