Development and in vivo evaluation of 3D printed hydrogel patches for personalized cosmetic use based on skin type

Abstract

Skincare products intend to enhance or restore skin to a healthy state. Despite the immense size of the cosmetics market and product availability, mass production still lags behind customers' demand for individualization and the use of natural ingredients. 3D printing technologies have revolutionized various industries including, more recently, the cosmetics market, providing personalized solutions based on individual's skin type and ingredient preferences. In this study, we have screened natural polymers to identify printable inks for the development of extrusion-based 3D printed hydrogel face patches. Iota carrageenan was selected as base material of the hydrogel inks and was co-formulated with sodium hyaluronate, glycerol, or Camellia sinensis leaf distillate to address the requirements of individual skin types.