Determination of the efficiency and intensity of the phytotoxic effect of herbicides in winter cereal crops

Abstract

Research on the study of the effective use of herbicides, and subsequently their effect directly on the plants of agricultural crops, is an urgent task in both agroecology and agronomy. Ago, the study was conducted to determine the effectiveness and intensity of the phytotoxic effect of one- and twocomponent systemic herbicides in winter wheat crops in the field conditions, on the Skvyra Experimental Station of Organic Production (SESOP) in the city of Skvyra, during October — December 2022, in the phase of VVSN 13–20 (before the tillering phase). The effectiveness of herbicides was determined on the 23rd day after spraying of the crops. Therefore, the preparation with the active ingredient 2,4-d, 2-ethyl hexyl ester 300 g/l + iodosulfuron methyl sodium 15 g/kg, in the consumption rate of 0.7 l/ha for 21 days after spraying wheat had an efficiency of 65.8 — 83,0 which was the highest among the studied variants. After spraying the crops and studying the effectiveness of of herbicides, the intensity of phytotoxic effects of the preparations on winter wheat was determined. The herbicide variant with the highest phytotoxicity on plants was tribenuron-methyl, 102.5 g/kg + dicamba, 659 g/kg at a consumption rate of 20.0 g/ha. It was showed that on the 7th day after application, the intensity of phytotoxicity was 12.02%, and on 21st day after application — 7.14%. The phytotoxic effect of the herbicide with the active substance aclonifen 520 g/kg at a consumption rate of 2.0 l/ha, on wheat plants, which was 9.16% on 7th day after application and 4.80% — on the 21st day after application. In the variants where the abovementioned preparations were applied, yellowing of the leaves, curling of the leaf edges (single), and minor necrosis on the tops of the leaves were observed. It has been proved that on the scale of phytotoxicity, all the studied herbicides had a barely noticeable degree of phytotoxicity — 10%, which corresponded to 1 point.