Application of mineral fertilizers and herbicides on winter wheat crops in the steppe zone of RSO-Alania

Abstract

The article studies the effect of mineral fertilizers and herbicides on winter wheat crops. The purpose of our research was to study the harmfulness of weeds and to develop techniques for increasing yields through the use of herbicides. For the first time the studies aimed at developing methods to increase the yield and quality of grain were conducted in the conditions of the steppe zone on chestnut-carbonate soils. [1] The use of mineral fertilizers and herbicides is an urgent task of agricultural production. Weeds reduce the yield and quality of winter wheat due to the removal of nutrients from the soil. In 2019-2021 we conducted experiments in the bogharic conditions of the steppe zone of the Mozdoksky district of the RNO-Alania, in the Oktyabrsky scientific and production department. In the course of research, it was found that the use of the herbicide Gran Star (25g/ha) with the use of mineral fertilizers and without fertilizers ensured the death of weeds by 72.5-82.7%, when applying the herbicide Dialen Super (0.7 l/ha), the death of weeds was 60%, when applying mineral fertilizers N 90 P 90 K 90 – 62.7%. The dry mass of weed vegetation decreased by 61.4 – 86.6%, the increasing of yield, in the winter wheat variety Alekseich – 4.4 t/ha, the increase was 2.4 t/ha when applying the herbicide Gran Star (25g/ha) against the background with the introduction of mineral N 60 P 60 K 60, with an increase of N 90 P 90 K 90 the increase was 2.9 t/ha, with a yield of 4.8 t/ha. With an increase in the doses of mineral fertilizers N 90 P 90 K 90, a harvest of winter wheat grain was obtained – 4.7 t/ha for the Yumpa variety, and the increase was 2.8 t. When applying mineral fertilizers together with herbicides, the quality indicators of grain also increase.