Demokrasi dan Transformasi Digital : Analisis Digitalisasi Politik Melalui Penerapan E-Voting dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Demokrasi

In today’s digital environment, the voting system has moved from paper based to a digital system. A digital e-voting system has many properties such as transparency, decentralization, irreversibility, and non-repudiation. The growth in the digital e-voting system raises many security and transparency issues. In this paper, we used the blockchain technology in the digital electronic voting system to solve the security issues and ful?ll the system requirements. It offers new opportunities to deploy a secure e-voting system in any organization or country. The solution is far better as compared to other solutions because it is a decentralized system, containing the results in the form of bit-coins, having different locations. We will also analyze the security of our proposed voting system, which shows our protocol is more secure as compared to other solutions. The paper proposes a novel electronic voting system based on block chain that addresses some of the limitations in existing systems and evaluates some of the popular blockchain frameworks for the purpose of constructing a blockchain based e-voting system. In particular, we evaluate the potential of distributed ledger technologies through the description of a case study namely, the process of an election, and the implementation of a blockchain based application, which improves the security and decreases the cost of hosting a nation wide election.

The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of the electronic voting system in village head elections in Maburai Village, Murung Pudak District, Tabalong Regency, and to determine the factors that hindered the implementation of the electronic voting system in village head elections in Maburai Village, Murung Pudak District, Tabalong Regency, South Kalimantan. , Indonesia. This study uses in-depth qualitative research methods. The location of this research is at the Community and Village Empowerment Service of Tabalong Regency, which is the focus of this research is How is the Implementation of the Electronic Voting System in the Village Head Election in Maburai Village, Murung Pudak District and what are the factors that hinder the Implementation of the Electronic Voting System in the Head Election Village in Maburai Village, Murung Pudak District. Based on the results of the research and discussion analysis that has been described related to the Implementation of the Electronic Voting (E-Voting) System in the Election of Village Heads in Maburai Village, Murung Pudak District, Tabalong Regency, it has been successfully implemented properly, where the implementation of e-voting in village head elections has fulfilled the principles in the implementation of e-voting namely eligibility and authentication, uniqueness, accuracy, integrity, reliability, confidentiality, flexibility, convenience, certification, and transparency, even though the indicators of cost-effectiveness have not been met but this does not affect the effective quality of the e-voting system. The inhibiting factors in the implementation of the e-voting system in the election of village heads in Maburai Village were the lack of socialization carried out by the election committee so that many people did not know at all what e-voting was and how to use it and their was intervention from parties who wanted to hinder or thwart the implementation of the system, e-voting in village head elections because it is considered that the results can be manipulated.

In todays digital environment, the voting system move from paper based to a digital system. A digital e-voting system have many properties such as transparency, decentralization, irreversibility, and non-repudiation. The growth in digital e-voting system arises many security and transparency issues. In this paper, we used the blockchain technology in digital e-voting system to solve the security issues and fulfill the system requirements. It offers new opportunities to deploy a secure e-voting system in any organization or country. The solution is far better as compared to other solution because, it is a decentralized system, contain the results in the form of bit-coins, having different locations. We will also analyze the security of our proposed voting system, which shows our protocol is more secure as compared to other solutions.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the election of Village Chief Executive in Sleman regency in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Where at first it was implemented traditionally or conventionally which later changed to use the e-voting system. The method used in this study is a qualitative type. The data used is data obtained from previous research (books, journals, and articles). To measure the effectiveness of e-voting, researchers use Duncan's theory of effectiveness, where this theory has three indicators, namely: 1) Goals of Achievement, 2) Integration, and 3) Adaptation. The results of this study are: 1) the Sleman community gets convenience in using or executing e-voting when conducting digital elections, which is shown with a percentage of 50.00%. This is supported by the increase in voting rights from 2020 to 2021. Then, 2) the intensified socialization is a form of direct socialization, because it is considered more effective, it can be seen with a percentage of 61.00%. And the last one is 3) the people of Sleman can adapt from conventional elections to a digital system, namely e-voting. The Sleman regency government also collaborated with seven universities in Indonesia to make the election of village heads successful by e-voting.

Electronic Voting (e-voting) system has to achieve some basic security aspects in order to satisfy the confidence of the voters. Although e-voting is expected to be more efficient than the current traditional voting, e-voting is not used in a large scope. The main reason is the lack of the voter trust. It is a difficult challenge to design trustworthy e-voting system while maintaining receipt-freeness. In this paper, we propose a verifiable e-voting system that achieves the high level security aspects. Our system does not require either special devices, or frequent observations of voting machines. Our system produces unpredictable ballot and changes randomly between three possible encryption algorithms to ensure the security of the vote. Our system generates a receipt with a short and secure verification vote for each voter to enabling the voters to verify their votes. The receipt can reveal no evidence about how the voter votes in a particular way. This guarantees the receipt-freeness.

E-voting increasingly gains interest in e-democracy and e-government movements. Not only the security and the availability of electronic election systems are of paramount importance, but also the scalability is of major interest. Especially the fact that in political elections the system has to scale nation-wide, thus having several millions of users, is to be considered. In this paper we state the difficulties and the requirements for a practical implementation of an e-voting system. Both security aspects and scalability issues are addressed. Therefore, the paper introduces a novel approach of building an e-voting system: a system is proposed that addresses one of the main problems in e-voting systems - preserving the voter's decision an inviolable secret even though strong authentication of the voter is needed y introducing a specific hardware security module into the counting process. The proposed system scales well to large populations. XML is used as a basic technology, which also fits the ongoing e-voting standardization initiatives such as the election markup language (EML). The paper outlines how this approach fits ongoing international standardization initiatives, such as the upcoming Council of Europe recommendations on e-enabled elections.

The study revealed the relevance of the issue of forming the digital communications system of the enterprise in modern conditions of information globalization and digital transformation of socio-economic relations; the relationship between the formation and improvement of the digital communications system and the strengthening of the economic security of business is shown. The purpose of the research is to determine the ways and justify the means of building the digital communications system of the enterprise, taking into account the requirements for ensuring the economic security of business. It has been established that the enterprise's digital communications system consists of such elements as search systems (in the form of a software and hardware complex for conducting data searches on the Internet, their accumulation and processing, placement in their own databases and sources of access to them, search queries), communication tools (with the use of which "communication" is carried out), digital technologies (methods of hosting and further dissemination of information) and digital communications in the global digital space, including semantic webs. The composition and structure of the elements of the enterprise's digital communications system have been determined. The parameters of the digital communication process management system of enterprises were built, and the goals and objectives of such work were defined. The conceptual sequence of the formation and use of the enterprise's digital communications system has been developed and substantiated. The directions of formation and immediate advantages, as well as risks and threats of the impact of the formation (improvement) of the digital communications system on the economic security of the enterprise are identified. The applied value of the research results is in the development of methodological and applied support for the management of the processes of formation (improvement) of the digital communications system at the business entity, as well as in the identification of risks and threats of digitalization to the economic security of the enterprise. The scientific novelty of the research results lies in the identification of both advantages (strengths), as well as risks and threats to the economic security of the enterprise by resource-functional components of economic security. Keywords: digital communications; digital system; economic security of business; economy and enterprise management; digital transformation; digitalization of business relations.

The research is to look at collaboration in the implementation E-voting system in Sleman Regency. The election of Village Heads using an E-voting system is something new for the community. The problem is focused on the collaboration sector between stakeholders in the Village Head Election in Banyuraden District, Sleman Regency. This research aims to see the form of collaboration between the Field Technical Personnel and General Technical Personnel in the implementation of the Village Head Election at Banyuraden Sub Governance theory used as a reference. The research is to use qualitative research methods and descriptive analysis techniques. The instrument used is data collection obtained from the results of Primar and Second data. Primary data was obtained from interviews with Sleman Regency Community and Village Empowerment Service, Field Technical Officers, and general Technical Officers, and Secondary data was obtained from research journals, news, and several written sources that support this research. This study concluded that the collaboration created had an impact on the course of village head elections in Sleman Regency, especially in Banyuraden district.

This paper introduces a new E-voting system that uses the consensus algorithms to ensure secure, efficient, and transparent voting processes on the basis of blockchain. The suggested model combines a number of cryptographic methods and consensus algorithms to overcome the current issues related to the traditional voting systems, including slow processing speed, vote manipulation, security breach, and high computation costs. Particularly, the model uses Doubling mechanism, which is based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography (DM-ECC), to generate a key, Reformed Lamport Merkle Digital Signature (RLM-ds) to authenticate voters, Hidden structure Enhanced Attribute based Searchable Encryption (HS-EASE) to encrypt votes, and Enhanced Raft Consensus Algorithms (ERCA) to secure and fast transactions of votes. All these elements combine to provide integrity in the election process which is very secure, confidential, and transparent. In the suggested E-voting model, the voters will be registered with the DM-ECC algorithm in order to create secure public and private keys. They are identified using the RLM-DS signature creation. This is followed by encrypting the votes with the HS-EASE algorithm and recording them in the blockchain that is controlled by the ERCA in order to make sure that the transactions of the votes are tamper-proof and efficient. The final tallying of the results is ensured by the use of smart contracts which ensure integrity and transparency of the election outcome. Evaluation of the system is based on a few measures of performance such as voting computation time, vote size, verification computation time, result computation time, throughput and latency. The findings prove the high efficiency of the proposed system with voting calculation time of 15 ms, 40 ms, 70 ms, 85 ms, and 100 ms as there were 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 participants respectively. Moreover, the system is superior to other systems currently in use with respect to the size of votes, time used in verifying votes and time taken to transact the votes, and thus can be a promising option in large scale elections. Statistical comparison of the suggested model reveals a substantial increase in the processing rate, security, and scalability in comparison with the conventional voting procedures and the current blockchain-based voting systems.

An electronic voting system is a voting system in which the election data is recorded, stored and processed primarily as digital information. The research on electronic voting is a very important topic for the progress of democracy. If a secure and convenient E-Voting system is provided, it will be used more frequently to collect people's opinion through cyber space. E-Voting may become the quickest, cheapest, and the most efficient way to administer election and count vote since it only consists of simple process or procedure and require a few worker within the process.The main task of this paper is to introduce the idea of the Internet voting systems. It discusses the different ways in which voters can vote, then we introduce the concepts of E-voting system .This paper observes the security threats that may affect E- Voting system. This paper discusses security requirements of E-voting systems and a description of desirable characteristics that should exist in any good E-voting system and the reason for each characteristic with respect to the voting process. In this paper we analyze some researcher's efforts in E-voting systems in order to minimize the threats that compromise E-voting systems. We end with our opinion about technical feasibility of E-voting in developing countries.

As one of applications in electronic governance, this chapter develops an electronic voting (e-voting) system. After discussing requirements for e-voting systems and reviewing existing approaches, an e-voting system is developed based on confirmation numbers and signature pairs. Here, e-voting systems must satisfy requirements intrinsically contradicting each other, e.g. they must convince anyone that votes from only and all eligible voters had been counted, but at the same time to protect voters from a coercer that forces voters to choose its supporting candidate, correspondences between voters and their votes must be concealed from anyone including election authorities and voters themselves. The developed e-voting system successfully satisfies these requirements. However, it must be noted that these requirement are satisfied under the assumption that at least one of mutually independent multiple authorities is honest.

Physically distributed voters can vote online through an electronic voting (e-voting) system. It can outsource the counting work to the cloud when the system is overloaded. However, this kind of outsourcing may lead to some security problems such as anonymity, privacy and fairness, etc. Suppose servers in the cloud have no incentives to deviate from the e-voting system, these security problems can be effectively solved. In this paper, we assume that servers in cloud are rational, and try to maximise their utilities. We look for incentives for rational servers not to deviate from the e-voting system. Here no deviation means rational servers prefer to cooperate in the e-voting system. Simulation results of our evolution model show that the cooperation level is high after certain rounds. Finally, we put forward a rational e-voting protocol based on the above results and prove that the system is secure under proper assumptions.

Electronic voting (e-voting) systems that are used in public elections need to fulfil a broad range of strong requirements concerning both safety and security. Among these requirements are reliability, robustness, privacy of votes, coercion resistance and universal verifiability. Bugs in or manipulations of an e-voting system may have considerable influence on the life of the humans living in a country where such a system is used. Hence, e-voting systems are an obvious target for software verification.\n\t\t\t\t\tIn this paper, we report on an implementation of such a system in Java and the formal verification of functional properties thereof in the KeY verification system. Even though the actual components are clearly modularized, the challenge lies in the fact that we need to prove a highly nonlocal property: After all voters have cast their votes, the server calculates the correct votes for each candidate w.r.t. the original ballots. This kind of trace property is dificult to prove with static techniques like verification and typically yields a large specification overhead.

Electronic voting (e-voting) is replacing the paper-based election system gradually in many developing and developed countries throughout the globe. Many devices emerged to be used in different e-voting systems, starting from the punch-card machines at the polling station ending with using the PCs at home. At present, elections in Iraq are carried out through the deployment of the traditional classic paper based election system. It is plagued by many challenges mainly the long period of tallying time, possibility of practicing many kinds of fraud as well as tampering the results. The aim of this paper is to identify the most suitable e-voting machine to be utilized in elections in Iraq. Different e-voting machines and systems have been examined in details and a comparison has been done based on a set of criteria. The criteria have been formed in the light of e-voting functional and security requirements. As per the comparison, it has been concluded that the stand-alone Direct Recording Electronic (DRE) associated with a printer and a bio-metric identification verification device, meets to large extent the e-voting system requirements and can facilitate the implementation of e-voting process in Iraqi elections.

Change Management is a process of adopting appropriate guidelines on how to manage change and meet the set business objective. Change Management could be extended into the realm of providing leadership for a group of persons or organisation alongside the path of change and embed the needed framework in actualising the set business target. Conversely, Digital Transformation could be described as the deployment of technology in a business process to amplify business benefits realisation that include fast decision-making, efficient business processes and significant reduction in risk exposure through managing the operational risk foot print. Failures of many Digital Transformation initiatives around the world is traceable to poor framing or complete lack of change management process embedment in the implemented digital solution, this paper aims at proposing effective framework for embedding orchestrated change process. Several research works show that worldwide there are high rate of project failures in most digital oilfield implementations. The reasons for such high failure rate in the solution of Digital Transformation is poor or lack of experience in change management in such projects resulting in poor framing of the change process that will ultimately assist in orchestrating the disruptions that accompanies the implemented Digital Transformation in different assets. This research based project will be reviewing how effective change management process was implemented in a digital solution by an Oil and gas operator in a field offshore in sub-Saharan Africa. Elements such as proper engagement of the workforce, defined business processes, clear business objectives and experience of the change agents in managing previous projects will be evaluated because these are components that has been identified as key reasons for failure of the change management process implementation in most digital initiatives. What companies need to do is to be strategic with the approach of implementation of digital oilfields transformation to ensure that the disruption brought about by the digital oilfields solutions are orchestrated through effective change management embedment. The effective change management process, when applied, shows that orchestrated technology disruption process is embedded which will ultimately not just lead to benefit realisation of the solutions but will assure continuous business improvement process, overtime. The result of this study, has shown that effective change management processes are beneficial to the effective embedment of Digital Oilfields Transformation solutions. Outcome of this study could form a reference tool for similar robust digital oilfields transformation, elsewhere.