Abstract
We live in the era of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), which is an extension of Vehicular AdHoc Networks (VANETs). In VANETs, vehicles act as nodes connected with each other and sometimes with a public station. Vehicles continuously exchange and collect information to provide innovative transportation services; for example, traffic management, navigation, autonomous driving, and the generation of alerts. However, VANETs are extremely challenging for data collection, due to their high mobility and dynamic network topologies that cause frequent link disruptions and make path discovery difficult. In this survey, various state-of-the-art data collection protocols for VANETs are discussed, based on three broad categories, i.e., delay-tolerant, best-effort, and real-time protocols. A taxonomy is designed for data collection protocols for VANETs that is essential to add precision and ease of understandability. A detailed comparative analysis among various data collection protocols is provided to highlight their functionalities and features. Protocols are evaluated based on three parametric phases. First, protocols investigation based on six necessary parameters, including delivery and drop ratio, efficiency, and recovery strategy. Second, a 4-D functional framework is designed to fit most data collection protocols for quick classification and mobility model identification, thus eradicating the need to read extensive literature. In the last, in-depth categorical mapping is performed to deep dive for better and targeted interpretation. In addition, some open research challenges for ITS and VANETs are discussed to highlight research gaps. Our work can thus be employed as a quick guide for researchers to identify the technical relevance of data collection protocols of VANETs.
Highlights
Vehicular AdHoc Networks (VANETs) are composed of vehicles with dynamic connections and rapidly changing, abrupt movements [1]
VANETs are highly dependent on data exchanges, such as receiving data for traffic monitoring, notification of accidents, weather alerts, all aimed at maintaining a secure transportation system for the world [5]
Data collection schemes and protocols in VANETs perform their task through deployment in cell phones or embedded systems integrated into vehicles to monitor sensor readings, while regularly fulfilling data collection requirements
Summary
Two Exponents Model Simple Obstacle Shadowing Model Adaptive data dissemination protocol Adaptive beacon congestion control mechanism Partitioning gradient based Distributed optimized time Real-time traffic Information aware data collection solution, Distributed data gathering protocol Carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance Data collection mechanism for smart grids using public transportation buses Software Defined Vehicular Networks Data relationship degree-based clustering data aggregation Preferred group based Zone Routing Protocol
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