Abstract
Modern transport systems face many challenges, and Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) have emerged as a promising solution that aims to increase sustainability, efficiency, and safety. Among the various ITS technologies, Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are essential for enabling communication and coordination between vehicles, infrastructure, and other elements of the transportation ecosystem.. It looks at the underlying ideas behind VANETs, such as network architectures, communication protocols, and security mechanisms. The study looks at the various ways that VANETs are used in ITS, including traffic management, collision avoidance, intelligent routing, and emergency services, by applying various emerging technologies. This article provides an analysis of the current security landscape in Intelligent Transportation Systems and VANET with a focus on integrating different routing protocols and algorithms. It examines the potential security threats and challenges faced by ITS and VANET, including attacks on V2V and V2I communications, privacy breaches, and data integrity issues. The survey investigates the role of routing protocols and algorithms in addressing these security concerns and improving overall security in ITS and VANET. It evaluates the strengths and limitations of various protocols, considering factors like scalability, adaptability, and resilience to security threats. The article explores the influence of external factors such as environmental conditions, traffic patterns, and user behavior on the performance of VANET-based ITS. Furthermore, emerging innovations such as artificial intelligence, Intelligent learning System, and Blockchain are examined in the context of addressing these challenges in enhancing security in ITS and VANET. The findings and recommendations of this survey provide guidance for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in developing secure ITS and VANET environments.
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