Abstract
This paper presents a study about the fracture mechanism of a ferritic stainless steel (UNS S44400 type) during a tensile test. The applied materials for the experimental procedures were 25 specimens of the steel, machined in the rolling direction. Each specimen was submitted to standard polishing procedures. One of the samples, in the original state, was structurally characterized by reflected light optical microscopy. The other samples were submitted to tensile tests with a constant displacement rate. Three samples were tested until failure (complete tests) and the others just until specific strain values, when the tests were interrupted and the samples were characterized by using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The main objective of these characterizations was to evaluate the structural damage evolution and to identify the fracture mechanism for the tested conditions. A methodology to quantify the damage evolution by surface roughness, identified by optical microscopy, was proposed. A new index - Damage by Diffuse Reflection Index (DRI) - was proposed to quantify the damage evolution in function of the specimen deformation. It was possible to confirm the ductile behavior of the studied steel and that the main fracture mechanism was the traditional dimpled rupture.
Highlights
Ductile fracture is a common mode of fracture in engineering alloys
This work aims to study the evolution of plastic deformation and microstructure damage in ferritic stainless steel samples of UNS S44400 grade (APERAM, 2012), through the tensile test
A hot rolled sheet of an UNS S44400 ferritic stainless steel with 0.5mm thickness was supplied by the company APERAM South America
Summary
Ductile fracture is a common mode of fracture in engineering alloys. It has been known as a dimpled, fibrous, or plastic fracture. Ductile fracture is the integral manifestation of three stages: nucleation of internal voids during plastic flow, the growth of these voids with continued deformation, and their coalescence to produce complete rupture. The details of these three stages may vary widely in different materials and with the existing stress state during deformation. In this context, this work aims to study the evolution of plastic deformation and microstructure damage in ferritic stainless steel samples of UNS S44400 grade (APERAM, 2012), through the tensile test. A single index related to the “strain roughness” of the samples is being proposed to characterize the mechanical behavior of the material and the damage evolution
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