Abstract
Anorectal anomalies result from embryological malformations that occur in the period of development of the anus and rectum, i.e., between the fourth and the eighth week of gestational age. Anal atresia is one of the most common types of anorectal anomaly. This condition consists of the absence of the anus or the imperforation of the anal orifice and is generally associated with urethral / perineal fistula. Anal imperforation is, per se, a cause of suffering for patients and their families, however, to this is added the stress of the need for surgical correction. In this scenario, the adequacy of nursing care in cases of anorectal anomalies should aim at offering effective technical conducts, without, above all, ignoring the need for a humanized approach given the fragility of the condition. This work conducted an integrative literature review, which sought to investigate the role of the nursing professional in the care of patients with anorectal anomalies. Nursing care could be divided into a preoperative period where the importance of patient care for maintaining nasogastric tube feeding, monitoring of the colostomy when relevant, and monitoring of meconium excretion was highlighted. In the post-operative period, the importance of watching the return of peristaltic movements, cleaning the operated area, maintaining the newborn in the supine position, and controlling the medication was emphasized. It was found the importance of all conducts to be performed respecting the integrality of the neonate patient and with the support of the family.
Published Version
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