Continuity and Change in Russian Foreign Policy Towards the Palestinian Cause: From Inception to 2021

Abstract

Objectives: This literature review in political science aims to examine the phenomenon of continuity and change in foreign policy. Specifically, it focuses on identifying the significant factors that influence Russian policy towards the Palestinian cause. Additionally, it tracks the developmental stages of Russian policy in this regard and offers insights into Russia's future role. Methods: The study adopts a structural approach to analyze the key factors shaping Russian policy towards the Palestinian issue. Results: The analysis reveals that Russian policy towards the Palestinian issue has evolved through several stages. These include the stability of the Bolshevik government during the Arab uprisings and the Jewish proletariat revolution (1917-1947), the shift in Soviet Union's policy towards supporting the establishment of an occupying state (1947-1948), the Soviet change in approach towards Arab nations and the coup against Israel (1952-1985), the Russian transition from alignment-based policy to international mediation (1985-2000), Putin's policy characterized by mediation and bargaining (2000-2011), Russia's simultaneous rise during the Arab Spring revolutions with a focus on the Syrian file (2011-2015), and the rejection of the "deal of the century" while continuing Russia's ascent in international partnerships (2015-2021). Conclusions: The study concluded that the continuity and change in Russian policy towards the Palestinian issue, from its inception to the present, are significantly influenced by the international environment.