Abstract
Confocal optical sectioning microscopy is a direct visualization method using fluorescent labels that is increasingly applied in condensed matter physics to study the structure and dynamics of complex fluids. The technique, developed for imaging cells and thick biological tissues, is borrowed from the life sciences. The focus of this article is the theory and practice of confocal microscopy in materials science. The instruments used to optically section through samples are described, together with their advantages and limitations. Auxiliary methods, such as fluorescent particle synthesis and quantitative image processing, are also summarized. Finally, current applications of confocal optical microscopy in condensed matter physics are discussed.
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