Sustainable nanotechnology and nanomaterials: Environmental and biological applications

Abstract

The remarkable potential of nanomaterials has sparked widespread interest in various industries, offering significant social, environmental, and financial benefits. Novel and emerging nanomaterials are being developed with rapid advancement in this field. In order to align with the “Sustainable Development Goals 2030” established by the United Nations, these novel nanomaterials must possess functionality and cost-effectiveness and demonstrate safety and sustainability. Although nanomaterials present promising prospects for environmental protection and addressing societal demands in a more sustainable manner, apprehensions arise regarding the possible negative impacts on the environment and human health. This study introduces the fundamental concepts of nanotechnology and nanomaterials, highlighting their significance in driving technological advancements. It explores the properties and classifications of nanomaterials, followed by an overview of synthesis methods, including traditional and eco-friendly approaches. Sustainable nanotechnology's environmental and biological applications are extensively discussed, focusing on areas such as pollution remediation, energy efficiency, waste management, healthcare, agriculture, and food sectors. However, the risk assessments of nanomaterials remain challenging due to their unique properties and behavior in different environments. Safety considerations and responsible development strategies are crucial to mitigate potential environmental and human health impacts. In summary, sustainable nanotechnology and nanomaterials hold immense promise for addressing global challenges in diverse sectors. Continued research, collaboration, and stringent safety measures are essential to unlock their full potential and ensure a sustainable future.