Abstract
Abstract In present research work, the sponge gourd (SG) derived biochar (BC) and orthophosphoric acid activated carbon (AC) were synthesized and investigated for Pb (II) ions mitigation at various parameters i.e. adsorbent doses, contact time, solution pH and initial metal ion concentration. The adsorbents SGBC and SGAC were then characterized by instrumental techniques like Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), elemental analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) pore size distribution analysis. FTIR spectra revealed the involvement of various functional groups viz. –OH, C=O, P=O, O-C in P-O-C linkage and P=OOH during Pb (II) ions adsorption. The SGBC and SGAC exhibited BET surface areas of 321m2/g and 1113m2/g. The point zero charge of SGBC and SGAC was determined and the highest Pb (II) ions adsorption reached at pH > 5. The experimental adsorption data were fitted by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacities obtained for SGBC and SGAC were 166.66 mg/g and 250 mg/g respectively. The adsorption data better obeyed pseudo second order kinetics. Desorption studies were conducted using 0.15 M HNO3 as the best eluent.
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