Abstract
The article has been written on the basis of comparative-typological method in the study of the languages (the English and Azerbaijani languages) belonging to different language systems (English belonging to analytical type of languages, Azerbaijani to the synthetic type of languages). The main aim of the investigation is to find out similarities and distinctions between variant and invariant expressions of meaning in the both languages. We have aimed at studying this problem from the view of varieties in different language levels. The varieties of different levels are regulated by laws within the system of a language laws and comprise positional combinatory and distributional variants which belong to inner system laws and comprise positional combinatory and distributional variants which belong to structural varieties-within the system of the language. In this research work on the problem of variants and invariants, problem of dichotomy of language-speech, the problems related to them, social and individual problems in the both languages, system and norm and other problems have undergone scientific investigation. In the introduction of the article it is pointed out that the varieties (phonological mainly) have been investigated on the functional aspect in the both compared languages. Here the terms “variant” and “invariant” have found their linguistic interpretation. The coauthors of the article basing on the variant and invariant problems in the both English and Azerbaijani languages, have made attempts to throw light on the problem of variations in complex syntactic units in the compared languages. Within the scope of the study of the investigated problem the coauthors have introduced discussions of the scholars dealing with the problem of variations, including variants and invariants in the both compared languages. Aimed at making experimental evidences the coauthors have introduced the tables, showing variations in the compared languages in which varieties of the vowel (i) in complex syntactic units in the both languages pronounced in different positions have been indicated (see tables 1, 2, 3). Tables have been taken from (Yunusov, 2005; 2007). In the conclusion of the research work the authors have reflected the generalized consideration touched upon in the process of investigation.
Highlights
The variants of different units may oppose only to their units, but not others
While investigating the English and Azerbaijani complex syntactic units, we have found out that the syndetic elements, i.e., the conjunctions, conjunctive pronouns, conjunctive adverbs, relative pronouns and relative adverbs affect on the melodic structure variety of complex syntactic units in languages of different systems
Comparative analysis shows that though the complex syntactic units in the English and Azerbaijani languages gain a lot of forms in their melodic varieties, they never reach the level of invariant point
Summary
Varieties have been investigated either on the language functional plan /e.g. the role of variants in forming literary language), or on the system of phonetic and grammatical aspects. On this account the interpretation of varieties in different language levels, especially its structural, formal and semantic varieties, their interrelationship with one another and other problems expect their profound systematic solutions. Vol 5, No 1; 2015 cover these variants and these variants appear depending upon the syntactic –structural and semantics of the verb-predicate properties (Stepanov, 1979). It is highly important to consider the complex syntactic unit from all these points of views. Some of the classifications so far proposed, have been inconsistent, that is to say, they do not base on any firm principle of division which can be applied to all clauses to be considered
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