Abstract
Medical pure titanium (Ti) shows excellent chemical stability and mechanical properties in clinical uses, but its initial fixation with host bone, when implanted, is usually delayed owing to the bioinert Ti surface. In this study, we fabricate the hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated titanium by three steps reactions: (1) to form an activated O2− layer by immersing Ti substrate into an alkaline solution such as NaOH; (2) the O2− bonds with Ca2+ to form Ca–O–Ti bonding, in which O plays the part of bridge materials between Ca and Ti substrate and (3) the conversion of Ca–O–Ti samples to HA-coated Ti samples by immersion into Na2HPO4 2 M at 180 °C for 48 h using hydrothermal methods. The effect of different phosphate solutions (NaH2PO4 2 M and Na2HPO4 2 M solution) and hydrothermal treatment time (24 and 48 h) on the characteristic of hydroxyapatite coating titanium substrate is also investigated using the optical microscope, thin film XRD and SEM/EDX. The HA-coated Ti samples fabricated by immersion into Na2HPO4 2 M at 180 °C for 48 h show fiber HA covering Titan substrate with a diameter varying from 0.1 to 0.3 µm. These HA-coated Ti samples can be regarded as promising multifunctional biomaterials.
Highlights
We investigate the effect of different phosphate (H3 PO4 15 M, NaH2 PO4 2 M and Na2 HPO4 2 M) solutions and hydrothermal treatment times (180 ◦ C for 24 and 48 h) characteristic of a hydroxyapatite-coated titanium substrate
In contrast with uniform Ti substrate (Figure 2a), the Ca–O–Ti samples show different image morphology when immersed in NaH2 PO4 2 M solution at 180 ◦ C for 24 and 48 h
A hydroxyapatite-coated titanium substrate was successfully obtained via the folas a bridge material between the Ca and Ti substrate
Summary
Titanium (Ti) has been used widely to develop artificial bone graft implants for a long time due to its high bioinert properties, long-term implant corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength and biocompatibility [1,2,3]. Despite the fact that titanium has been used widely in clinical settings, e.g., dental and orthopedic implants, a favorable bioactivity performance was not always obtained upon contact with the bone [4,5]. Forming an inert TiO2 layer on the surface of a Ti substrate upon exposure to oxygen decreases the bioactivity of the Ti implant and delays the fixation of the osteoblast cells to the Ti surface [6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. Since titanium was reported to be an excellent biocompatible material in animal studies, the commercially pure titanium is the most prominent alloy used for biomedical applications
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