Abstract
The reservoir operation is a notable source of uncertainty in the natural streamflow and it should be represented in hydrological modelling to quantify the reservoir impact for more effective hydrological forecasting. While many researches focused on the effect of large reservoirs only, this study developed an online reservoir module where the small reservoirs were aggregated into one representative reservoir by employing a statistical approach. The module was then integrated into the coupled Noah Land Surface Model and Hydrologic Model System (Noah LSM-HMS) for a quantitative assessment of the impact of both large and small reservoirs on the streamflow in the upper Gan river basin, China. The Noah LSM-HMS was driven by the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model (CMADS) with a very good performance and a Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (NSE) of 0.89, which proved to be more effective than the reanalysis data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) over China. The simulation results of the integrated model indicate that the proposed reservoir module can acceptably depict the temporal variation in the water storage of both large and small reservoirs. Simulation results indicate that streamflow is increased in dry seasons and decreased in wet seasons, and large and small reservoirs can have equally large effects on the streamflow. With the integration of the reservoir module, the performance of the original model is improved at a significant level of 5%.
Highlights
Since decades ago, intensive human activities have brought about a growing challenge to a sustainable watershed management [1,2,3]
Hydrological modelling with the consideration of reservoirs have been reported by multiple studies, especially with respect to relatively large-sized reservoirs [8,9]
For module calibrated against theagainst water storage of Tuanjie from conciseness, conciseness, without simulations without the reservoir with only large and with are all simulations the reservoir module, withmodule, only large reservoirs andreservoirs with all reservoirs reservoirs are hereinafter denoted as LSM-HMS, LH-L, and LSM-HMS and all-reservoir condition (LH-A), respectively
Summary
Intensive human activities have brought about a growing challenge to a sustainable watershed management [1,2,3]. The construction and the management of numerous reservoirs are regarded as a major source of variability and uncertainty in the flow regime [4]. As compared to larger ones, small-scale reservoirs have recently become a preferred choice in the. While small reservoirs may be able to provide additional economic benefits, they, together with larger reservoirs, substantially divide the river basin into small segments, thereby disrupting the natural hydrological processes to a point where conventional hydrologic models without reservoirs are no longer desirable [7]. Hanasaki et al [10] proposed a generalized reservoir scheme for global river routing models, where reservoirs are regulated using a monthly operation rule for both non-irrigation and irrigation reservoirs. Mateo et al [4] employed the
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