Abstract
By the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model (CMADS 1.0), this paper simulated the non-point source (NPS) pollution of Chao River Basin in the upper reach of Miyun Reservoir, and analyzed the spatial-temporal distribution pattern of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants and the contribution rates of pollution sources. The major findings of the research are as follows. The CMADS V1.0-driven SWAT model shows good applicability to the study area. The simulation of the runoff, nitrogen and phosphorous pollution in the calibration period and the validation period has yielded a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (Ens) coefficient at 0.51~0.78, and a coefficient of determination at 0.73~0.88, which meets the model evaluation standards. The total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) pollution load in the flood season is considerably large, and the average inflow of TN and TP into the reservoir accounts for 60.62% and 75.15% the total annual inflow, respectively. The #26 sub-basin marks the biggest TN and TP loads, and it is thus worth more attention from pollution control administrations. Overall, the TN and TP load in the lower reach of the basin are larger than the upper reach. NPS pollution is the major type of pollution caused by human production and life. The livestock and poultry farming as well as fertilizers, which are the main contributors to NPS pollution, are considered the focus of NPS pollution control.
Highlights
Water resources are strategic resources that play a significant role in national and social development; water resource protection and water pollution have drawn wide attention across the globe [1]
Statistical analysis of the flood season in the basin and the non-point source (NPS) pollution across the year shows that the runoff occurs mainly during the flood season (42%~70%), and the average total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) pollution loads in the basin during the flood season take up a large proportion (60.62% and 75.15%, respectively) of the total loads
To improve the water quality of the basin, we should strengthen non-point source pollution control, and pay specific attention to non-point source pollution caused by livestock and poultry farming, and fertilizer application, which are the major contributor to NPS pollution
Summary
Water resources are strategic resources that play a significant role in national and social development; water resource protection and water pollution have drawn wide attention across the globe [1]. In these years, with fast economic growth and social progress, problems in the water environment bulk large, and to improve the water environment, countries have strengthened point-source pollution control, leaving non-point source (NPS) pollution as the major source of pollution to the water environment [2]. Agricultural production has become the major contributor to NPS pollution [3], and large volumes of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants, scoured by rainfalls and runoffs, lead to serious NPS pollution. The research is expected to provide a basis for protection of water resources and NPS pollution treatment in the basin, and offer parameters for simulation of NPS pollution in the Chao River basin
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