Abstract
Diclofenac (sodium [o-(2,6-dichloroanilino) phenyl] acetate) belongs to the class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and is widely used as a painkiller. In this paper, a new, simple and effective electrochemical sensor for the determination of diclofenac was developed by modifying the carbon paste electrode. The electrode was modified with chitosan, a biopolymer with excellent adsorptive properties, and TiO2 nanoparticles, a catalytically active material. The modification of the electrode provided larger surface area and improved the electrical conductivity, resulting in enhanced electrochemical detection of diclofenac at a pH of 5.0 using adsorptive differential pulse voltammetry. Under optimal working conditions, linear relationship between the oxidation peak current and the diclofenac concentration was obtained in two different ranges, from 0.2 to 10 μM and from 10 to 100 μM, with a detection limit of 0.013 μM. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of diclofenac in commercial tablets and synthetic urine samples. The fabricated chitosan/TiO2/carbon paste electrode, with an optimized voltammetric method, showed excellent analytical performance for diclofenac determination in terms of stability, low detection limit, high sensitivity, selectivity, as well as good reproducibility and repeatability of results. The obtained results suggest the potential for further utilization of the developed sensor for the simultaneous determination of a group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Published Version
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