Chemical material as a hydrogen energy carrier: A review

Abstract

In light of climate change imperatives, there arises a critical need for technological advancements and research endeavors towards clean energy alternatives to replace conventional fossil fuels. Additionally, the development of high-capacity energy storage solutions for global transportability becomes paramount. Hydrogen emerges as a promising environmentally sustainable energy carrier, devoid of carbon dioxide emissions and possessing a high energy density per unit mass. Its versatile applicability spans various sectors including industry, power generation, and transportation. However, the commercialization of hydrogen necessitates further technological innovations. Notably, high-pressure compression for hydrogen storage presents safety challenges and inherent limitations in storage capacity about 30%–50% lost production of hydrogen. Consequently, substantial research endeavors are underway in the domain of material-based chemical hydrogen storage that reactions to occur at temperatures below 200 ℃. This approach enables the utilization of existing infrastructure, such as fossil fuels and natural gas, while offering comparatively elevated hydrogen storage capacities. This study aims to introduce recent investigations concerning the synthesis and decomposition mechanisms of chemical hydrogen storage materials, including methanol, ammonia, and Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier (LOHC).