Abstract
The development of reverse osmosis membranes that can offer simultaneously high salt rejection & water permeability along with good chemical stability & chlorine tolerance is still an important area of research to scientists and technologists. The structure of commercially successful reverse osmosis (RO) membranes is of two types, namely: integrally skinned asymmetric and thin-film composite. The first breakthrough in making a successful polymeric RO membrane was the development of integrally skinned asymmetric membranes by Loeb & Sourirajan using cellulosic polymers followed by the next major breakthrough in making aromatic polyamide based thin-film composite RO membranes using meta-phenylenediamine and trimesoyl chloride by Cadotte. In this chapter, we briefly review the commercially available RO membranes along with the recent developments of advanced polymeric RO membranes. In addition, we discuss our views on current proposals for performance-enhanced chlorine resistant RO membranes mostly based on the modification of existing membranes and synthesis of new polymeric membranes.
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